The increased application of high-strength steels in the car industry causes a big problem in welding of sheet metals. Differences in the steel elasticity and the hardening of the sheets which has been caused by cold forming, result in poor fit-up and thus in increased sheet bulging which differ from part to part and occur even inside the parts; a determination before welding is not possible. Since, in most cases, sheet bulging is not compensated by fixing with clamps and pressure pads or similar tools, the welding gun is to provide the necessary force. Without adaptive welding current control, the compensation of the disturbance "sheet bulging" is, for all welding spots, managed through an extraordinary increase of the gun force only. However, the diameters of the welding spots which are located in the areas without sheet bulging are too small because the electrode force has been set too high. Instead of the electrode force increase, therefore, the application of an adaptive current control (adaptation of welding current and welding time) is the better solution of this problem.
Due to the lower resistance and the higher thermal conductivity of aluminium, the welding times must be shorter and the welding currents must be higher, compared with steels.
(Index figures: welding time: Al/St = ½; welding time should be < 200ms; welding current Al/St = 3/1)
As in welding of galvanised materials, the processing of aluminium entails the problem that the contact area of the copper electrodes is subjected to contamination. The accumulation with aluminium leads to deterioration of the conductivity and effects a considerable influencing of the heat generation and also the increase of the development of impurity layers till the electrodes are unserviceable. For the reliable welding of aluminium it is, therefore, imperative to avoid the impurity layer. This is carried out through regular cleaning of the electrode contact area by milling or brushing.
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